Why These Are the Top Mid-Sized Manufacturing ERP Systems for 2026
This guide examines the best ERP solutions for mid-sized manufacturers in the $10M–$100M revenue range. If you've outgrown QuickBooks, are stuck on a legacy system losing vendor support, or juggling disconnected systems for production, inventory, and accounting, this guide was written for you.
Many manufacturers delay action, fearing that "manufacturing ERP" means six-figure implementations and enterprise-level complexity, but today’s ERP solutions have changed that equation.
In this article we cover
- The Top Rated ERP Systems for Mid-Sized Manufacturing Businesses
- Epicor Kinetic
- NetSuite ERP
- Acumatica Cloud ERP
- Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central
- SAP S/4Hana
- QAD Adaptive
- DELMIAWorks
- Infor Cloudsuite Industrial Enterprise
- Cetec ERP
- Plex ERP
- Understanding Mid-Sized Manufacturing ERP
- Must-Have Features for Mid-Sized Manufacturing ERP
- Selecting the Best ERP System for Your Mid-Sized Manufacturing Business
- Compare the Top Mid-Sized Manufacturing Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
- FAQs
Based on our analysis of hundreds of implementations in the $10M-$100M revenue range, we’ve identified systems that deliver manufacturing-specific functionality at a mid-market price point.
If your team spends hours transferring data between systems, you lack real-time shop floor visibility, or your current setup won’t scale with growth, this guide focuses on solutions built for your stage. We evaluate systems based on actual implementation data from companies your size, not based on marketing promises.
The Top Rated ERP Systems for Mid-Sized Manufacturing Businesses
Mid-sized manufacturers face a unique set of challenges when selecting ERP software. You’ve outgrown entry-level systems, but you don’t have the implementation budgets or IT resources of enterprise corporations. And you need manufacturing-specific functionality that understands your shop floor, whether you’re running discrete assembly, process manufacturing, or mixed-mode operations.
Our research evaluates each system across
- Total cost for companies with 50 – 500 employees
- Implementation time and complexity
- User reviews from businesses with $10M-$100M in revenue
- Manufacturing-specific functionality (MRP, MES, shop floor control)
- Industry-specific capabilities (discrete vs. process manufacturing)
- Customer support quality
- Vendor financial stability
- Scalability to support growth beyond $100M
- Integration capabilities with existing manufacturing equipment
- And more…
While these are all proven ERP solutions for mid-sized manufacturers, finding the right fit depends on your specific manufacturing process, industry requirements, and regulatory needs.
Some systems excel at complex discrete manufacturing with engineer-to-order capabilities, while others specialize in process manufacturing with formula management and batch tracking. We evaluate each system’s strengths to help match you with the solution that fits your specific manufacturing environment.
Epicor Kinetic
What we like about Epicor Kinetic: Epicor Kinetic excels for complex discrete manufacturers, such as metal fabricators, machinery builders, and engineer-to-order shops. The “Get Details” functionality and native configurator allow you to pull BOMs and methods from previous jobs into new estimates, dramatically speeding quotes while ensuring you don’t sell what you can’t build.
Job costing and engineering change control outperform generalist ERPs. For custom manufacturers where profitability lives in the details, Kinetic tracks every operation and revision without workarounds.
Worth noting: Epicor is moving customers to the cloud, with on-premise development ending in 2028. The browser-based interface is still maturing, so be sure and test it thoroughly with your workflows.
Epicor Kinetic
Epicor Kinetic, formerly Epicor ERP, is tailored for various manufacturing needs. It offers both cloud and on-premises options and excels in real-time monitoring, quality management, and global financial integration. Its user-friendly design ensures intuitive navigation and robust global support, fostering business growth and efficiency.
NetSuite ERP
What we like about NetSuite ERP: NetSuite dominates the mid-market for good reason: It scales seamlessly from $10M to $100M+ without painful system changes. The cloud-based architecture eliminates infrastructure headaches and ongoing maintenance costs that plague legacy on-premise systems. For manufacturers outgrowing QuickBooks or facing unsupported legacy ERPs, NetSuite provides a clear upgrade path.
The OneWorld functionality handles multiple facilities, subsidiaries, or international operations with native multi-currency and consolidation features. Real-time dashboards give executives instant visibility across all locations without requiring a large finance team.
What sets NetSuite apart is its unified data model. Instead of wrestling with disconnected systems for production, inventory, accounting, and CRM, everything flows through one platform. This eliminates the double data entry and spreadsheet workarounds that can slow growth and introduce costly errors.
NetSuite ERP
NetSuite ERP is a leading cloud-based solution for managing back-office operations and financial processes. It serves over 24,000 global customers and offers robust financial management, inventory, supply chain, and real-time analytics. This platform prioritizes innovation, growth, and swift decision-making through unified business insights.
Acumatica Cloud ERP
What we like about Acumatica Cloud ERP: Acumatica disrupts traditional ERP economics with consumption-based pricing instead of per-user licensing. For mid-sized manufacturers, this means you can give tablets to every shop floor worker, material handler, and shipping clerk without watching costs spiral. This democratizes data access and eliminates the “who gets a license” rationing game that plagues per-user systems.
The Manufacturing Edition now handles both discrete assembly and process formulations, making Acumatica viable for mixed-mode operations, like breweries that process beer but also bottle and package it, or food manufacturers running both batch recipes and discrete packaging lines.
The open architecture stands out. Built on .NET with standard REST APIs, Acumatica’s ecosystem feels collaborative rather than restrictive. The “Customer Bill of Rights” guarantees data access and prevents vendor lock-in, which are critical protections for manufacturers investing in long-term systems. Strong community support and a transparent roadmap make it easier to find partners who can extend the platform for your specific needs.
Acumatica Cloud ERP
Acumatica Cloud ERP is a versatile system tailored for growing businesses. It integrates accounting, sales, and customer management with industry-specific add-ons and advanced technologies like AI and IoT. With a user-friendly interface and global adaptability, Acumatica stands as a premier, affordable ERP solution.
Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central
What we like about Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central: For manufacturers already invested in the Microsoft ecosystem, such as Office 365, Power BI, or Azure, Business Central delivers unmatched integration. The AI-powered Copilot agents proactively monitor inventory, predict stockouts, and draft replenishment orders directly within Outlook or Teams. This keeps your team engaged with ERP data without constantly logging into the system.
Project management and job costing capabilities stand out, making Business Central strong for manufacturers tracking complex custom orders. And at $175 per user monthly, pricing is competitive for mid-sized operations needing comprehensive functionality.
The platform’s modular approach allows manufacturers to add specialized capabilities as needed for quality management, advanced scheduling, or EDI without paying for enterprise-level complexity upfront. For family-owned businesses planning succession, the familiarity of Microsoft’s interface reduces training time and eases the transition to modern systems the next generation expects.
Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central
Dynamics 365 Business Central is an ERP for small to mid-sized businesses, offering integrated solutions for finance, manufacturing, and sales. It seamlessly integrates with Microsoft tools, offers real-time cloud access, and scales with business growth.
SAP S/4Hana
What we like about SAP S/4Hana: For mid-sized manufacturers approaching $100M in revenue or planning aggressive growth through acquisition, SAP S/4HANA represents the enterprise path forward. The system handles extreme complexities, such as global operations across dozens of plants, advanced make-to-order configurations, and intricate supply chain requirements that break lighter ERPs.
The in-memory database architecture delivers real-time analytics across massive transaction volumes. For manufacturers dealing with thousands of SKUs, complex BOMs, and sophisticated production planning across multiple facilities, S/4HANA’s processing power prevents the performance degradation that plagues mid-market systems at scale.
Implementations typically start at $500K and run 12 – 24 months. You’ll need dedicated IT resources and experienced SAP consultants. This is the right choice if your complexity or growth trajectory genuinely demands enterprise capabilities, especially for manufacturers preparing for IPO, managing global operations, or planning to scale beyond $250M.
SAP S/4HANA
SAP S/4HANA Cloud is an ERP system for manufacturers with AI, machine learning, and analytics. It provides real-time insights into manufacturing processes, facilitates quick adjustments to demand changes, and enables better decision-making. The system supports seamless integration with other SAP solutions and is extendible for enterprise-wide processes.
QAD Adaptive
What we like about QAD Adaptive: QAD stands out for automotive suppliers and life sciences manufacturers. If you’re shipping to Tier 1 automotive customers, QAD’s native support for MMOG/LE compliance, complex EDI requirements, release accounting, and sequence delivery eliminates the heavy customization generalist ERPs require to meet these mandates.
The “Adaptive” cloud offering has modernized the interface while maintaining QAD’s deep industry expertise. For manufacturers in highly regulated environments, such as automotive, aerospace, medical devices and QAD handles the intricate traceability, serialization, and compliance reporting that these industries demand without workarounds.
This is a purpose-built tool, not a general solution. If your customers are automotive OEMs or you’re navigating FDA regulations, QAD speaks your language and understands your audit requirements. QAD’s industry depth typically justifies its specialized focus.
QAD Adaptive
QAD Adaptive is a cloud-based solution for global manufacturers, combining traditional ERP with a modern interface. It integrates features like Financial and Supply Chain Management, complemented by apps like QAD EQMS. Designed for adaptability and growth, it offers 24/7 support and rapid deployment.
DELMIAWorks
What we like about DELMIAWorks: DELMIAWorks (formerly IQMS) delivers enterprise-grade manufacturing execution capabilities at mid-market pricing. The real differentiator is real-time shop floor integration: the system reads PLC data directly from production equipment, tracking machine cycles, downtime, and quality metrics without manual data entry.
For plastics manufacturers and molders, DELMIAWorks is purpose-built. It monitors injection molding presses in real-time, tracking every cycle and linking production data directly to work orders and inventory. This bridges the gap between ERP and MES completely, eliminating the need for separate manufacturing execution systems.
The single-vendor approach means comprehensive end-to-end tracking from order entry through shipping works seamlessly. Real-time production monitoring prevents downtime and provides visibility typically only available in more expensive systems.
DELMIAWorks
DELMIAWorks (Previously IQMS) Manufacturing ERP stands out as a holistic ERP and MES solution tailored specifically for the manufacturing industry, addressing the unique needs and challenges faced by manufacturers globally. Notably, its single-source development ensures that the system is less complex and more cost-effective than multi-solution alternatives.
Infor Cloudsuite Industrial Enterprise
What we like about Cloudsuite Industrial Enterprise: Infor CloudSuite Industrial (SyteLine) excels for engineering-intensive manufacturers building complex machinery, aerospace components, or industrial equipment. The Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) capabilities handle finite capacity constraints across thousands of work centers, a computational complexity that lighter ERPs can’t match.
This is the engineer’s ERP. It manages intricate engineer-to-order workflows, complex project-based manufacturing, and multi-level configurators that ensure engineering feasibility before sales commits to delivery dates. For manufacturers where engineering drives the business, not just supports it, CloudSuite Industrial provides the depth generalist systems lack.
Infor’s “Leap” program is quickly moving legacy SyteLine customers to the multi-tenant AWS cloud. Modern innovations like Coleman AI and the Infor Data Lake are cloud-exclusive, making migration necessary to access new capabilities. If you’re running complex, engineering-driven operations, CloudSuite Industrial handles these complexities.
Infor CloudSuite Industrial
Infor SyteLine ERP is a flexible solution for mid-sized and large manufacturers, enhancing efficiency in various manufacturing types. It offers cloud and on-premises options, prioritizes user-friendliness, and promotes smart manufacturing. It's designed for adaptability, operational improvement, and modern business agility.
Cetec ERP
What we like about Cetec ERP: Cetec disrupts traditional ERP economics with transparent pricing that mid-sized manufacturers can actually afford at $50 per user monthly with everything included. No hidden module fees, no nickel-and-diming for CRM or quality management. Cetec’s straightforward pricing model is refreshing.
The cloud-based platform includes comprehensive manufacturing capabilities, like CRM, quoting, inventory management, mobile warehousing, and quality assurance, all without requiring expensive add-ons. This works particularly well for high-mix/low-volume manufacturers and metal or plastics processors who need full functionality without enterprise complexity.
The zero implementation fee and modern web interface lower barriers to entry. For mid-sized manufacturers seeking solid manufacturing ERP capabilities without the $50K-$100K implementation costs of bigger platforms, Cetec delivers remarkable value.
Cetec ERP
This affordable ERP offers world-class manufacturing management at an amazing price tag (just $40 per user per month when licensed as a SaaS). Some highlights of the cloud-based Cetec ERP are CRM and sales management, manufacturing quoting, inventory management, mobile warehousing, quality assurance and more.
Plex ERP
What we like about Plex ERP: Plex delivers true cloud-native manufacturing ERP with exceptional shop floor capabilities. Built specifically for repetitive and automotive manufacturers, the system excels at real-time production tracking, quality management, and supplier collaboration, which are critical for manufacturers managing tight production schedules and demanding customer requirements.
The multi-tenant SaaS architecture means automatic updates and enterprise-grade security without IT overhead. For mid-sized manufacturers concerned about cybersecurity vulnerabilities in aging systems, Plex provides modern protection. The mobile-first design puts real-time data in operators’ hands on the shop floor, eliminating paper trails and clipboards.
Plex particularly shines for automotive suppliers navigating IATF 16949 compliance and complex traceability requirements. The built-in quality management and serialization capabilities handle lot tracking and recall management without customization. For manufacturers in automotive, electronics, or other industries demanding rigorous quality control and supplier integration, Plex’s industry focus delivers capabilities that generic ERPs struggle to match.
Plex ERP
Plex ERP, by Rockwell Automation, is a leading cloud-based manufacturing solution that unifies production, quality, supply chain, and financials in one system. Its real-time shop floor integration provides manufacturers with end-to-end visibility and control, while its intuitive design and scalability make it ideal for mid-sized and large manufacturers. With strong capabilities for discrete and process industries, Plex helps companies streamline operations, ensure compliance, and accelerate digital transformation.
See a side-by-side comparison of these 10 systems or request free demos and price quotes.
Understanding Mid-Sized Manufacturing ERP
Mid-sized manufacturers need more than QuickBooks but can’t justify enterprise-level complexity. The right ERP bridges this gap with manufacturing-specific functionality at a manageable price point.
What Makes an ERP Solution “Mid-Sized Manufacturing Ready”
These ERP systems need to understand the specific demands of manufacturing operations while remaining implementable without a massive IT department.
Key characteristics include:
- Manufacturing-specific modules for MRP, MES, and shop floor data collection
- Implementation timeframes of 4 – 9 months rather than multi-year projects
- Support for discrete, process, or mixed-mode manufacturing environments
- Industry compliance capabilities (FDA, EPA, ISO, ITAR, industry-specific regulations)
- Scalability from 50 to 500+ employees without requiring a system replacement
- Integration with manufacturing equipment (CNC machines, PLCs, IoT sensors)
- Real-time production visibility and analytics
Key Differences Between Mid-Sized Manufacturing ERP vs. Small Business or Enterprise ERP
Mid-sized manufacturing ERPs occupy a distinct market position.
Compared to small business systems:
- Advanced manufacturing capabilities (MRP, MES, shop floor control) vs. basic inventory tracking
- Industry compliance for regulated environments vs. generic accounting focus
- Multi-site support vs. single-location operations
Compared to enterprise systems:
- Faster implementation (4−9 months) vs. multi-year projects
- Manageable complexity vs. extensive customization
- Transparent pricing vs. negotiated enterprise agreements
Mid-Sized Manufacturing Deployment Options
Based on our analysis of hundreds of mid-sized manufacturing implementations, cloud-based ERP delivers the best value for most organizations. Cloud solutions provide automatic updates, lower upfront costs, anywhere access for remote teams, and enterprise-grade security without requiring dedicated IT infrastructure.
Monthly subscription pricing typically ranges from $125-$300 per user depending on the system and modules required.
However, certain situations warrant consideration of on-premise or hybrid deployments. Manufacturers with strict data sovereignty requirements, facilities in areas with unreliable internet connectivity, or highly customized legacy integrations may benefit from on-premise options. Some vendors offer hybrid models where the core ERP runs in the cloud while shop floor systems remain on-premise.
Understanding ROI for Mid-Sized Manufacturers
Most mid-sized manufacturers invest $50,000-$150,000 in total implementation costs, including software licenses, implementation services, training, and data migration. Our data shows positive returns within 12 – 18 months through:
- Reduced inventory carrying costs
- Decreased manual data entry and reconciliation
- Lower production costs through better scheduling and material utilization
- Improved on-time delivery rates
- Reduced quality issues and scrap through better traceability
- Better cash flow management through integrated financial visibility
The fastest ROI comes from adapting processes to ERP best practices rather than extensive customization.
Must-Have Features for Mid-Sized Manufacturing ERP
Every mid-sized manufacturer needs robust production planning and financial controls, but modern ERPs should deliver more than just that. Based on our analysis of successful implementations, the most effective systems focus on manufacturing-specific capabilities that drive daily efficiency while supporting regulatory compliance and growth.
Essential Core Features
Advanced Manufacturing Planning: Mid-sized manufacturers need true Material Requirements Planning (MRP) that automatically calculates material needs, generates purchase orders, and schedules production based on demand. The system should handle complex bills of material (BOMs), routings, and work orders.
Shop Floor Control and Data Collection: Real-time visibility into production status is critical. The system should track work-in-process, labor hours, and material consumption at each operation. Mobile data collection through tablets or barcode scanners eliminates paper travelers while providing real-time bottleneck visibility and accurate job costing.
Quality Management and Compliance: For manufacturers facing FDA, ISO, or industry-specific regulations, quality management can’t be an afterthought. Essential features include inspection plans, non-conformance tracking, corrective action workflows, and full lot traceability.
Supply Chain Management: Managing suppliers and procurement becomes more complex at mid-market scale. Look for vendor performance tracking, automated purchase order generation from MRP, receiving inspection workflows, and supplier portals for order visibility. Advanced features like blanket POs and release-based ordering help manage relationships with key suppliers.
Financial Management: Beyond basic accounting, mid-sized manufacturers need job costing, landed cost calculation, multi-currency support, and sophisticated financial reporting. The system should handle complex costing methods (standard, actual, or average) and provide real-time profitability analysis by job, customer, or product line.
Inventory and Warehouse Management: Multi-location tracking, lot/serial control, bin management, cycle counting, and automated reorder points are essential, with real-time visibility across all locations for multi-warehouse operations.
Reporting and Business Intelligence: Executive dashboards showing production efficiency, inventory turns, on-time delivery rates, and profitability are no longer optional. The system should provide role-based dashboards where plant managers see shop floor metrics while CFOs track financial KPIs.
Integration Architecture: Your ERP needs open APIs and pre-built connectors for common manufacturing software. Most mid-sized manufacturers integrate with CAD systems, CRM platforms, shipping software, and EDI for customer/supplier transactions. Modern REST APIs make these connections maintainable and reduce long-term IT costs.
Advanced Features to Consider
While not essential for every business, these features often deliver significant value as your operations mature:
- Manufacturing Execution System (MES) capabilities for paperless shop floor, digital work instructions, and real-time OEE tracking
- Product configurators for engineer-to-order or complex customization
- Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) for constraint-based optimization across hundreds of work centers
- PLM integration to manage engineering changes and product data
- IoT connectivity to pull data directly from CNC machines, sensors, and production equipment
- AI-powered demand forecasting and predictive maintenance
- Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for automated customer orders and supplier transactions
- Multi-site and multi-national capabilities for companies with multiple facilities or global operations
- Engineering change control with revision tracking and effectivity dates
Selecting the Best ERP System for Your Mid-Sized Manufacturing Business
Three factors drive successful ERP selection: manufacturing requirements, implementation capacity, and total cost of ownership. The most successful implementations begin with thorough preparation.
Pre-Selection Evaluation
Begin by documenting:
- Core manufacturing capabilities – discrete assembly, process/batch production, or mixed-mode operations
- Industry-specific compliance requirements – FDA 21 CFR Part 11, ISO certifications, industry traceability standards
- Available internal resources for implementation – dedicated project manager, IT support, key user availability
- Technical infrastructure and preferences – cloud vs. on-premise deployment
- Integration requirements – CAD/PLM systems, shop floor equipment, EDI connections, quality management systems
- Expected growth trajectory – revenue projections, facility expansions, product line additions
- Monthly budget for software, support, and ongoing costs – including hosting, training, and future module additions
This preparation helps narrow your vendor options and prevents costly mismatches between system capabilities and your actual manufacturing processes.
9 Critical Vendor Questions to Ask
Choosing the right ERP vendor is essential. Before signing any contracts, ask these 9 questions to uncover potential issues and ensure the vendor understands your business:
- What’s your typical implementation timeline for manufacturers our size with similar processes?
- Can we see a detailed breakdown of first-year costs, including all modules, user licenses, implementation, training, and support?
- How do you handle data migration from our current system, and what format do you need?
- What training is included vs. additional cost? Do you offer shop floor worker training?
- Can the system scale from our current production volume to 2 – 3x growth without major upgrades?
- Which manufacturing features require additional modules?
- How do you handle integrations with our existing CAD, MES, or quality systems?
- Can you provide references from manufacturers in our industry with similar production methods?
- How do you support unique manufacturing workflows versus forcing “best practice” standards?
Pay special attention to responses about implementation timelines and total costs, vendors who can’t provide clear answers or who downplay integration complexity may not be the right fit. Ask for customer references at companies similar to yours, then actually call them.
Learn From Other Manufacturers
Reading real-life stories from other mid-sized companies like this one from Bracalente, a U.S.-based contract manufacturer of precision-machined parts, is a great way to find answers to questions you may be thinking about.
Future-Proofing Your Investment
Many mid-sized manufacturers outgrow their ERP within 5 – 7 years. Proper planning prevents costly system replacements and ensures your investment supports long-term growth and scale.
Evaluating Scalability
- Maximum user capacity and pricing tiers
- Transaction volume limits
- Multi-site and multi-entity support
- Production capacity headroom
Reviewing Contract Terms
- Cloud migration requirements
- Data ownership and export rights
- Annual price increase caps
- Support level guarantees
- Early termination costs
Checking Integration Capabilities
- API availability and stability
- Pre-built connectors
- Partner ecosystem quality
- Custom integration support
When comparing vendors, ask for specific examples of customers who’ve grown from your size to two to three times larger. A system that fits your current shop floor but blocks growth or forces expensive upgrades defeats the purpose of the investment.
Compare the Top Mid-Sized Manufacturing Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
As our analysis shows, 2026 offers many high-quality ERP solutions engineered specifically for mid-sized manufacturing businesses. The key is identifying which system aligns with your production methods, technical capabilities, and industry requirements.
Utilize Our ERP Comparison Tools
Our Top10ERP Best Fit comparison tool allows for a side-by-side evaluation of
- Implementation costs and timelines
- Per-user vs. consumption-based pricing structures
- Manufacturing functionality (discrete, process, mixed-mode)
- Industry-specific capabilities and compliance features
- Support service levels and vendor stability
- Technical architecture and integration options
- Scalability from current to projected production volumes
We also maintain a comprehensive white paper library where you can research specific vendors, manufacturing technologies, and implementation strategies that interest you.
And our extensive case study library offers real-life ERP selection stories from hundreds of mid-sized manufacturers that you can filter by industry and vendor.
Expert ERP Software Selection Guidance
If you are still unsure which system is right for your manufacturing business, a phone call with our ERP experts can help. We provide vendor-neutral recommendations based on your actual manufacturing needs. Please reach out today with any questions you may have.
FAQs
What is the average cost of ERP for a mid-sized manufacturing company?
Most mid-sized manufacturers invest $50,000-$150,000 in first-year costs, including software, implementation, and training.
How long does it take to implement an ERP system for a mid-sized manufacturer?
Typical implementation timelines range from 4 – 9 months depending on manufacturing complexity, number of locations, and degree of customization.
Should I choose cloud-based or on-premise ERP?
We recommend cloud-based ERP for most mid-sized manufacturers due to lower upfront costs, automatic updates, and anywhere access. On-premise makes sense only for strict data sovereignty requirements or unreliable internet connectivity.
What’s the difference between discrete and process manufacturing ERP?
Discrete ERP handles assembly of distinct components using Bills of Materials and serial tracking. Process ERP manages formulas, recipes, and batch production with features like potency management and lot traceability. Many manufacturers need systems that handle both.
How quickly can I expect ROI from a manufacturing ERP system?
Most mid-sized manufacturers see positive ROI within 12 – 18 months through reduced inventory costs, less manual data entry, better scheduling, and improved on-time delivery.
Do I need to replace my existing systems like CAD or CRM when implementing ERP?
No. Modern ERPs integrate with existing systems through APIs and pre-built connectors. Confirm your vendor has experience integrating with your specific software stack.